European mole in Poland

The European mole is a small but extremely hard-working mammal that is commonly found in Poland and many other European countries. Its characteristic underground lifestyle means that it is often not noticeable until mounds appear on our lawns. But is the mole just a pest or does it also have its positive sides? We discuss its appearance, habits and methods that help to reduce its presence in the garden.

How to recognise a European mole?

The European mole, although inconspicuous, has several characteristic features that make it easy to recognise. First of all, the mole has a velvety, dark fur, which is usually black or dark brown. Thanks to this specific fur structure, the mole is perfectly adapted to life underground, where it spends most of its life. In addition, the fur is thick and soft, which makes it easier for the mole to move in narrow corridors. A typical European mole reaches a length of about 11-16 centimetres and weighs between 70 and 130 grams, making it a rather compact mammal.

The clearly shaped front paws also help to recognise the mole, which are wide, flat and have sharp claws that allow them to dig effectively. The mole’s head is rounded with small eyes that are adapted to the darkness of the tunnels, making it almost blind on the surface. Another, less obvious, but helpful indicator of the presence of a mole in the garden are the specific mounds of earth and underground tunnels that it leaves behind during its underground foraging. Thanks to these characteristics, recognising a European mole should not be a problem for people struggling with its presence in the garden.

Habitat and tunnel construction

Although the European mole avoids direct contact with humans, it is a permanent resident of many gardens, parks and meadows in Poland, preferring above all fertile soils with adequate moisture. Its habitat is mainly limited to areas where the soil structure allows for easy digging and where there is an abundance of the insects and earthworms it craves. Moles avoid rocky and dry areas because it is more difficult and less efficient for them to dig tunnels there. Therefore, they can be found in areas with fertile soil, such as deciduous forests, orchards and copses.

The underground tunnel system of this animal is a true engineering masterpiece, where each burrow becomes part of a complex labyrinth and has its own specific function. The tunnels of the European mole, which are mainly built with the help of its strong, digging paws, consist of numerous corridors running at a depth of several to several dozen centimetres. This construction not only allows it to hunt effectively, but also protects it from predators and adverse weather conditions that may prevail on the surface. Thanks to its industriousness, a mole is able to build an impressive network of tunnels even overnight, which shows its excellent adaptation to the underground environment.

Impact of moles on gardens and plants

Although valued for their hunting skills, European moles can pose a serious challenge to gardeners. Their underground tunnels, although intricately constructed, can cause damage to the soil structure, which has a direct impact on garden plants. The mole’s tunnel system often destabilises the soil, resulting in damage to plant roots. Unearthed roots can dry out, causing the plants to weaken or even die. In practice, this means that carefully tended flower beds or vegetable patches can be destroyed by the dynamic activity of this industrious mammal.

In addition, the European mole, by making its characteristic mounds on lawns, not only disturbs the aesthetics of the garden, but also hinders regular maintenance treatments, such as mowing the grass. The lawn surface is not only uneven, but also more difficult to maintain. Although the mole is primarily a pest in the garden, its presence indicates a healthy population of earthworms, which are important for soil ecology. Nevertheless, for many property owners, the fight against moles remains one of the biggest challenges in ensuring a balance between maintaining a beautiful garden and respecting the natural inhabitants of the environment.

Methods of combating moles in the garden

Combating moles in the garden requires a strategic approach that combines various methods to deter these industrious mammals. One way is to plant repellent plants such as garlic or marigold, which effectively discourage moles from settling. Another method is sound repellents, which emit vibrations to scare away the mole.

It is also possible to use the services of professionals who will help you fight the mole effectively using more advanced techniques. This approach minimises damage to home gardens and is beneficial for people who want to keep their property looking nice. However, it is worth remembering that any method of mole control should be applied with respect for the environment and in a way that does not disrupt the ecosystem, in which the European mole also plays an important role.