Persistent soil pests. How do you get rid of nematodes?
Nematodes, invisible to the naked eye, can be a real challenge in the garden. These ubiquitous parasites, present in soil all over the world, can significantly affect the health of your plants. Do you know how to recognise their presence and effectively prevent their harmful effects?
Characteristics of soil nematodes
Soil nematodes are a highly diverse group of soil-dwelling organisms that play both positive and negative roles in agricultural ecosystems. Their morphological characteristics include considerable variation in shape and size, allowing them to adapt to different environmental conditions. Nematodes are usually microscopic, rarely exceeding a few millimetres in length, although larger species do occur. They often have a cylindrical, elongated body, which enables them to move efficiently in soil crevices.
Soil nematodes can act as plant root parasites, which leads to plant weakening and reduced yields. Their negative impact on soil is mainly manifested through:
- deformation of the plant root system,
- disruption of water and nutrient absorption,
- transmission of plant diseases through root damage.
It is worth noting that not all soil nematodes are harmful; many of them play a beneficial role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to the improvement of soil structure and fertility.
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How to recognise the presence of nematodes in the soil?
How can you recognise the presence of nematodes in the soil and what symptoms of infestation should alert us? Nematodes are small parasites that are often invisible to the naked eye and can cause various problems in crops. One of the most common symptoms of infestation is the deformation of the plant’s root system, which results in its weakening and reduced yield. Plants affected by nematodes often show symptoms of nutrient deficiency and difficulties in water absorption, despite regular irrigation and fertilisation, which may be caused by root damage. Leaf wilting, yellowing and stunted growth are other symptoms that may suggest that nematodes are actively at work in the soil.
How can nematodes in the soil be diagnosed? There are several methods that can help identify these pests. One approach is to carefully inspect the roots and soil using a magnifying glass or microscope, which allows even the smallest species to be seen. Another effective method is laboratory diagnostics, which involves sending soil samples to specialised centres that carry out a detailed analysis for the presence of nematodes. This makes it possible to determine the extent of their presence and take appropriate measures to control these persistent parasites before they cause more damage to crops.
Prevention – nematodes in the soil
Effective prevention of nematode infestations in the soil requires the implementation of various hygiene and cultivation practices that minimise the risk of their spread. Soil hygiene is a key element of prevention – it is essential to regularly remove plant debris that can be a source of food for nematodes and to thoroughly clean gardening tools to avoid transferring pests from one part of the garden to another. Sowing cover crops and crop rotation also effectively reduce the nematode population, as the variation in available plants affects their life cycle and reduces their ability to survive.
Particular attention should be paid to choosing suitable plant species that are less susceptible to nematode attacks or support the natural enemies of these pests. Such practices may also include the cultivation of companion plants such as marigolds, which produce chemical compounds that repel nematodes. Mulching the soil with organic materials can increase the activity of beneficial microorganisms that compete with nematodes, reducing their harmful effects. The use of biopreparations containing beneficial microorganisms is another option to support the natural balance and hygiene of the soil.
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Effective methods of nematode control
Effective methods of nematode control in the soil include both biological and chemical approaches, which allows for flexible adaptation of measures to the specific characteristics of the garden. Biological methods of nematode control involve the use of natural enemies of these pests. Introducing predatory nematodes or antagonistic microorganisms that feed on parasitic nematodes into the soil is an effective strategy that supports the balance of the ecosystem. In addition, the use of organic plant decoctions with nematocidal properties, such as marigold or garlic, can help reduce nematode populations without the use of harsh chemicals.
Chemical methods, although less environmentally friendly, can sometimes be necessary in the case of severe infestations where other techniques have failed. Various types of nematicides are available on the market that effectively eliminate nematodes from the soil. It is important to use them according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
The impact of nematodes on plant health
These microscopic parasites weaken the root system, which disrupts the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. As a result, the plants show symptoms of nutrient deficiency and water stress, which leads to a decrease in their yield and crop quality.
The impact of nematodes on plants can also include the transmission of diseases through damaged roots, which further worsens the health of plants and leads to serious losses in agricultural production, which is why controlling their population is crucial for crop protection and effective soil health management.